The invention of the telescope in the early 17th century is the onset of major developments of astronomical instruments, which remained basically unchanged since the times of antiquity. The topic of my paper is Johannes Hevelius, a skilled astronomer who lived and worked in the Baltic city of Gdansk (Danzig). He earned his living as a brewer and town councilor, but he devoted every free second to astronomy. Hevelius owned a private observatory on the roof of his house that he equipped with self-constructed astronomical instruments. His very first publication “Selenographia” (1647) was a big success and gained him acknowledgment in the scientific community. Its detailed prints of the lunar surface stayed unbeaten for nearly one hundred years. Beside his big repertoire of telescopes Hevelius also had various positional instruments like quadrants and sextants. He improved these devices and minimized their errors without ever changing their basic ancient design. In my paper I will present a few of his most sophisticated instruments that survived until today as beautiful engravings. I will describe their structure and usage and compare them to contemporary instruments. Nevertheless I will pursue the question if Hevelius could be called the last ancient astronomer.