The studies of mathematics in Brazil, until the end of the Brazilian First Republic, was mainly developed around engineering schools. The very known and influential center in the nineteenth century, the Royal Military Academy, was founded in 1810 with the arriving of the Royal Portuguese family, which was escaping from the Napoleon's invasion of Portugal. During all the monarchic period, specially in the first half of the nineteenth century, the main use of both mathematical and engineering diplomas was not technical but a social distinction. The French model, introduced by Marquess of Pombal, established an enlightening syllabus which didn't receive huge modifications until 1874, when the military teaching was separated from the civil teaching. In so doing, many textbooks on mathematical sciences, specially translations of French originals, appeared in the first lists of the Imperial Press ( Impressão Régia ) in the period to afford the teaching in the Academy with Portuguese textbooks. In my talk, I would like to present some editorial aspects of these books and analyse, in a prosopographical way, the social trajectory of the translators.