iCHSTM 2013 Programme • Version 5.3.6, 27 July 2013 • ONLINE (includes late changes)
Index
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Reversal and circular technology transfer
Jan Kunnas twitter | University of Stirling, United Kingdom

Technology transfer is usually described as something going from developed countries to developing countries or from the interior to the periphery or from “advanced” to “backward” areas. In a forthcoming article, I have challenged this conventional view by presenting some pre-industrial examples of traverse technology transfer – from the periphery to the periphery. In this presentation, I will take one step further by arguing that technology was also transferred in a reversal direction, from the periphery to the interior. My example for such transfer takes the form of a plant; The rutabaga or swede (Brassica napobrassica) that was introduced from Sweden to Scotland in the 18th century. From there it spread to the rest of Great Britain, and became an essential part of the advanced Norfolk-four-course cultivation method, as it was more frost-resistant than the common turnip used in cropped fallow. Eventually, it was taken into cultivation also in France, German and North-America. The circle was closed, as advanced British cultivation methods spread to Sweden. Thus, I will also show that there also existed a circular technology transfer. This is my final nail in the coffin for a view of technology transfer as an one-way process going solely interior to the periphery. My paper also gives some insights to the question posed in the subtheme: Just applied science? on the origins of technological knowledge. It puts the view that technological knowledge only springs from applied science into the same coffin. It does this by showing that technological knowledge can also be acquired trough a normal learning by doing process.