Species, the fundamental concept of Biology, is the basic unit for systematic classifying organisms by taxonomists. The species concept is the important implication to approach the phenomena of organisms. Biological species concept (BSC) proposed by Mayr in 1949 has been one of the most popular species concept for several decades. In order to understand the species concept, it will be necessary to realize how biologists apply it, the irreducibility criterion of “a species”. In the very beginning, “species” was defined by the differences among biological characters. Referring the meaning of “Species”, which is a Latin translation of the Greek word eidos, it sometimes translated as “idea” or “form”. Plato, Aristotle, and Carl Linnaeus apperceived “species” by essentialism, assuming that everything has its own position in the order, and that the species will never change. So, species as the basic unit of the classification system were defined by the minimum difference among individuals, the most similar individuals clustered as a group and being divided from another group as a species. Furthermore, under the same principle, genus and higher hierarchical classification was settled, and biologists had an ordered relationship to study organisms. However, in the post-Darwinian period, the thinking of “species” has been altered. The BSC suggested reproductive mechanism to identify individuals as species. The reproduction between individuals can describe the entities of spatiotemporally localized relationship in a species and cohesive at any one time. Besides the BSC, there are at least 2 important species concepts widely applied by biologists. The morphological species concept (MSC), established by Carl Linnaeus, the founder of the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature, is still the most practical concept and widely applied in Taxonomy, identified the species by the type specimen. The most popular concept, phylogenetic species concept (PSC), used several traits to be clustered as one or several monophyletic group and each monophyly is defined as the “species”. Are they so different that the species concept fell into a long-term debate? How did Mayr’s BSC develop in the surging specie concept history river? What is the connection between Mayr’s idea and historical development of species concept in Biology? The aim of this article is try to unravel the forming of Mayr’s idea and the historical influences, and to elucidate its perspectives and importance.