This paper addresses a recent history of (re)organization of herbal pharmaceutical industry in South Korea. Since the mid-1990s, the South Korean government has made huge investment in selling Korean Oriental medicine (OM) to the domestic market and the global market. The governemnt either rearranged manufacturing and clinical trial guidelines or newly institutionalized government-subsidized research facilities, whose arrangements were made to turn the local herbal pharmaceutical industry competitive in the global market. In early 2000s, it further established legal foundations to cultivate the OM industry and solicited local pharmaceutical companies to jump into the potentially lucrative herbal market. Incidentally, local pharmaceutical industry underwent restrcturing, some of which went bankrupcy. And others, who seemed to have swifly repackaged and commercialized herbal products as nutritional products, were able to survive and dominate the market. All these government-initiated changes were made possible, as consequences of OM supporters’ decades-long fights against the government’s indifference, on one hand. On the other hand, OM practitioners have waged a sequence of dispute against Western biomedicine practitioners (including pharmacists) to legitimize their practices in clinical, educational, legal settings. Hence, in this paper I will briefly discuss OM’s (re)emergence in the market in historical and political contexts, and move on to the discussion on ttransnationalizing/globalizing strategies of the herbal pharmaceutical industry, and their consequences.