The presence of medical ideas in medieval political texts is well known since at least the pioneering works of Otto Gierke in the nineteenth century. In the last decade, the increasing number of digital libraries and the development of electronic searching tools have empowered research in this field. In a test case, this paper will use some of these new resources to show a wider-than-acknowledged influence of scholastic medicine on politics during the years between 1270 and 1370, a key century in the development of political science. Furthermore, we will argue that medical ideas played a role which was not simply illustrative but argumentative in these political works. Being so, they posed both epistemological and methodological issues as well as raising questions about the connections between sciences.