After Sotirios Vlahakis research in primary sources and relevant bibliography, we are able to present an outline of the history of geology in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Greece. Since the mid eighteenth century, though politically still under the Ottoman occupation, Greek scholars showed a particular interest for natural sciences as part of a wider intellectual movement known as modern Greek Enlightenment. Therefore, among others, they developed a program for the publication of compilations or translations of popular European textbooks on physics, chemistry, mathematics, botany, astronomy etc. For several reasons, which we are going to discuss in our presentation, they failed to publish a book exclusively devoted to Geology. Nevertheless a significant body of geological knowledge was incorporated in the above mentioned books and the most prestigious Greek scientific journal of that time Hermes the Scholar. Furthermore a number of unsystematic but still valuable references to the Geology of the Balkans is to be found not only in the printed books but also in the manuscripts of the so called long 18th century, which for Greece lasted until 1821, when the Greek War for Independence started . After the establishment of the new independent Greek state and the University of Athens (1838), Geology became one of the main lessons in the Department of Physics and Mathematics. The key persons for the development of Geology in Greece during the second half of the nineteenth century are Iraklis Mitsopoulos (1816-1892) and his nephew Konstantinos Mitsopoulos (1844-1911), after relevant studies in Germany. Both, developed Geology, not only theoretically but they did also a precious work in the field. Iraklis Mitsopoulos taught Physics, Botany, Zoology and Geology and initiated the famous Pikermi excavations. Several species discovered were eventually named after him, an example being Ithyringotherium Mitsopuli. Konstantinos Mistopoulos is considered the pioneer of experimental geology in Greece and one of the first supporters of the Darwinian Theory. He was also was the prime mover behind the publication of the journal “Prometheus”, one of the first scientific journals to appear in Greece. In addition they published a number of articles with more polular character in order to improve the interest of the public for the science of Geology. The second part of our presentation aims to discuss their contribution for the development of Geology in Greece and to trace the long way until much later the first independent Department of Geology established in the University of Athens (1982).