In 1762, Rudjer Boscovich went on a voyage to Constantinople where he was supposed to conduct astronomical observation on behalf of Royal Society from London. However, he did not make it in time, and hence his project failed. But the expedition itself was not wholly fruitless. Ten years later, in 1772, his Journal of a voyage from Constantinople to Poland was published in French translation (the Italian original was actually published in 1784, three years before his death). At the time it was practically a best-seller, and rightly so, for it was written in a beautiful style, and contains many observations on culture, history, religion and mentality of the peoples Boscovich encountered during his voyage. Throughout the journal, Boscovich shines through not only as a historiographer or scientist, but also as a philologist in the true meaning of the word. This “love for words” (which is what philology literally means) is evident in countless names of rivers, hills, mountains, people and their positions within the society – soldiers, servants, priests, peasants – and so forth. Languages such as Latin, Greek, Slavic, and Turkish interact through the name changes. Very often when he lists a toponym of a Turkish village, he is aware of the previous word for it, and is also often aware if the place had already been mentioned in a work of Classical Antiquity. These name changes imply diachronic cultural changes and clashes in the dynamic region between Constantinople and Poland. Cultures and nations come and pass, but words from their languages still remain as monuments to their existence. Boscovich is quite aware of that fact. At the same time, the linguistic diversity is a sign for synchronic cultural and religious diversity that Boscovich reveals in his journal. Hence the thorough analysis of this material shall doubtlessly provide an insight into yet another – philological – aspect of Boscovich the polymath.