Natal had fifteen central hospital established for the Indentured Indians. It was the duty of every central hospital’s Medical Surgeon to submit an Annual Report of his circle to the Emigrant Protector. In the Annual Report, the Medical Surgeon provided essential details of his circle regarding the health and sanitary issues of Indians. The Report discussed prominent diseases spread in the circle and the mortality rates. It also contained the number of patients admitted and discharged during the year. The Annual Reports are rich source of information. The Commissions and Enquiry Reports like the Tuberculosis Commission, Major Griersion and Pitcher Report regarding the recruitment policy of emigrants in British Overseas Colonies are the major sources for reconstructing the medical history of Indentured Indians in the plantation economy of Natal. The main purpose of medicine was to control the epidemic diseases which were the main cause of the widespread deaths of the larger proportion of labour-force and on these epidemics also posed an immense threat to the survival of the white populations. These Reports throw light on the fact that in the plantation economy of colonial Natal— the indenture’s bodies were treated like a commodity. These Reports unravel the colonial concerns related to indentured body. They show how ‘frail’ and ‘redundant’ were thrown out and how healthy male with ‘hard hands’ and well developed ‘round chest’ were recruited for the agricultural work in the plantation. The Report highlights the ongoing tussle between the “unclean”, “unhealthy” and “dirty” Indians and the colonial government’s sanitation mission. The Annual Report of the Emigrant Protector and the Medical Inspector throw light on the health and sanitation condition of the indentured in the depot in India, ship voyages and then in the working space of plantations. The paper based on these Reports delineates the nature of medicine in the plantation economy of Natal. It also investigates the characteristics of these Reports and their significance in forming colonial knowledge that was so crucial to the working of the plantations economy of Natal.