In Anatolia, the history of geophysical sciences may go back to Antiquity namely the period that lived Thales in Magnesia. In modern sense, geophysics was started with the geomagnetic works in 1600's. The period among 1600 and 1800 years includes the magnetic declination, inclination and strength measurements. Before these years, there is a little information, how is used a compass, in the "Kitab-i Bahriye" (the Book of Navigation) of Piri Reis who is one of the most important mariner of the Ottoman Empire. Although this may not understand that magnetic declination angel knows in generally. The first scientific book related the geophysics is the book of "Fuyuzat-i Miknatissiye" that was translated by Ibrahim Miiteferrika and that was printed in 1731. The subject of this book is the earth's magnetism. There is information concerning with the geophysics in the book of "Cihannuma" that was written by Katip (Celebi and in the book of "Marifetname" that written by Ibrahim Hakki Erzurumlu but these books are partly geophysical books. In Istanbul, the year of 1868 is one of the most important year for geophysical sciences. Because an observatory called "Rasathane-i Amire" was installed around Pera region in this city. In this Observatory, the first systematic geophysical observations such as meteorological, seismological and even gravimetrical was made. There have been the meteorological records in Anatolia since 1839. These records are concerning with temperature, pressure and humidity of the weather. In the Ottoman Empire, the science of geophysics is one of the natural sciences such as astronomy, mineralogy, geology and etc., and these sciences were agreed as a part of physics and chemistry.