My paper will examine the Khanna Study as a case-study of population control in postcolonial India. Operating on the Malthusian premise that 'overpopulation' was a social malady which could lead to famine, poverty, and civil unrest, the Khanna Study staff worked for seven years in a handful of villages in the Ludhiana district of Punjab to test the effects of a family planning program on the birth rates. Whilst the original study was conducted between 1953 and 1960, it was later made infamous by Mahmood Mamdani's The Myth of Population Control (1972), in which he argued that--contrary to the assumption of the Khanna Study staff--large families were not the cause of poverty, but the result of poverty. However, my paper is not centrally concerned with Mamdani's book, but with a list of names: those who visited the study area at Khanna between 1953 and 1960. These include the eugenicist-philanthropist Clarence Gamble; Minister of Health for India, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur; the US Ambassador to India, Chester Bowles; representatives of the Rockefeller Foundation, Ford Foundation, and Population Council, and a handful of faculty of the Harvard School of Public Health. I argue that Khanna is important to the history of population control because its string of visitors articulates the characters and agendas which converged upon the idea of population control in postcolonial India. Focusing on the concerns of a handful of these visitors, I will argue that the Khanna Study—like Indian population more generally—emerged at the intersection of Cold War politics, postcolonial nation-building and postwar eugenics.